SQL Operators Reference

SQL Operators are classified into different types as Arithmetic, Character, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise, Set Operators that are listed as follows –

SQL Arithmetic operators are listed as follows -

Operato	Operation Name	Description
+ (Unary)	Unary Addition	Makes Operand positive
-(Unary)	Unary Minus	Makes operand negative
+	Addition	Adds the value of both operands.
-	Subtraction	Subtract the right-hand operand from the left-hand operand.
*	Multiplication	Multiply the values of both operands.
/	Division	Divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand and gives the result
%	Modulus	Divide the left-hand operand by the right-hand operand and returns the remainder.

SQL Character operators are listed as follows –

Operator	Operation Name	Description
||	Concatenate Operator	Concatenate the two strings or a string with column values.

SQL Comparison operators are listed as follows –

Operator	Operation Name	Description
=	Equal	Checks if column values are equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!=	Not Equal	Checks if column values are not equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<>	Not Equal	Checks if column values are not equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
>	Greater than	Checks if column values are greater than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<	Less than	Checks if column values are less than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
>=	Greater than or equal to	Checks if column values are greater than or equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
<=	Less than or equal to	Checks if column values are less than or equal to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!>	Not greater than	Checks if column values are not greater than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
!<	Not less than	Checks if column values are not less than to the specified value, then matched results get displayed. If no matches, then no results displayed.
IN		Compares with a specified list of values.
BETWEEN		Searches the value within the values specified.
ALL		Compares the value with all the values in the value set.
ANY		Compares the value against any value in the values set.
EXISTS		Searches the presence of the row in the table and sets TRUE if sub query gets single row.
LIKE		Searches the similar words using wildcard operator.
SOME		Similar to ANY operator. However, the search is restricted to some of the values present in the set of values.
IS NULL		Compares a value with a NULL.

SQL logical operators are listed as follows –

Operator	Description
AND	Allows or combines multiple conditions in an SQL statement.
OR	Combines multiple conditions in SQL Statement.
NOT	Applies on logical operators only. Reverses the meaning of any logical operators.

SQL Bitwise operators are listed as follows –

Operators	Description
Bitwise AND (&)	The numerical values are converted into binary values and operation is performed, result again converted into numerical form.
Bitwise OR (|)	The numerical values are converted into binary form, then or operation is performed.
Bitwise exclusive OR (^)	The numerical values converted into binary form, then Exclusive or operation is performed.

SQL Set operators are listed as follows –

Operators	Description
UNION	Select all distinct rows selected by either query.
UNION ALL	Returns all the rows selected from two rows including duplicates.
INTERSECT or INTERSECT ALL	Returns all distinct rows selected by both rows.
MINUS	Returns all distinct rows selected by the first query but not from the second one.

---